Problem+Research

You must have **AT LEAST 3** different sources from the Gale Database. You may have more. You may have up to 2 Internet sources. They must be RELIABLE sources. You must have at least 40 different notes (pieces of information) All notes must be in your own words. There must be at least five notes from each source
 * What is the problem?**  **Background/ Historical events of problem**   **Importance in society**   **ways human trafficking creates problems for society (expert/detailed info)**

**"Make no mistake: sex trafficking is real." //Independent// [London, England] 29 Oct. 2009: 32. //Global Issues In Co ntext //. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. **

**http://find.galegroup.com/gic/infomark.do?&contentSet=IAC-Documents&idigest=c01ac7e3c010a42f363bebdc7326f5c6&type=retrieve&tabID=T006&prodId=GIC&docId=CJ210684813&source=gale&userGroupName=pl7053&version=1.0**
 * //Children have been trafficked (at)://
 * //Online//
 * //Casinos//
 * //Streets//
 * // Truck Stops //
 * //Since 2003 in England://
 * //886 children have been rescued//
 * //510 convictions have been secured//
 * June of 2008- October 2009: 3,336 potential victims of trafficking were identified in England
 * More than 21,400 victims were identified in 111 countries worldwide
 * 2/5 covered in the report did not record a single conviction
 * Potential reasons for low conviction rates:
 * Brutality of traffickers
 * Terror Struck Victims
 * Difficulty of proof against trafficking
 * Alternatives charges are often pressed (Money Laundering/ False Documentation)

**"Human trafficking is 'slavery that shames world'." //Independent// [London, England] 24 Apr. 2006: 29. //Global Issues In Context//. Web. 25 Oct. 2011.**

**http://find.galegroup.com/gic/infomark.do?&contentSet=IAC-Documents&idigest=c01ac7e3c010a42f363bebdc7326f5c6&type=retrieve&tabID=T004&prodId=GIC&docId=CJ144856799&source=gale&userGroupName=pl7053&version=1.0**


 * //HT is the act of being forced to perform actions through force (labor or sex)//
 * //There is a low rate of conviction against HT throughout the globe//
 * //There is a lack data pertaining to HT makes action against trafficking difficult//
 * //The top 10 destinations for trafficked victims are://
 * //Belgium//
 * //Germany//
 * //Greece//
 * //Israel//
 * //Italy//
 * //Japan//
 * //The Netherlands//
 * //Thailand//
 * //Turkey//
 * //U.S. Britain//
 * There are 127 countries of origin: 137 countries of destination: 98 transit countries


 * "Human Trafficking: A Global Perspective." //Ethics & International Affairs// 25.2 (2011): 244. //Global Issues In Context//. Web. 25 Oct. 2011. **

** http://find.galegroup.com/gic/infomark.do?&contentSet=IAC-Documents&idigest=c01ac7e3c010a42f363bebdc7326f5c6&type=retrieve&tabID=T002&prodId=GIC&docId=A262884038&source=gale&userGroupName=pl7053&version=1.0 **
 * Creates a challenge for global justice
 * HT concerns safety of citizens
 * Challenges moral, ethic, and legal matters
 * Border control is called into question:
 * corrupt border officials are empowered through HT as well as traffickers and terrorists
 * Threatens the health of societies through disease spread:
 * AIDS
 * Tuberculosis
 * Strongly violates human rights:
 * requires unjustified coercion
 * Physical and sexual abuse
 * against women's rights and gender equality
 * Poverty and low social status of women and children plays a prominent hand in HT

**"Human Trafficking." //Global Issues in Context Online Collection//. Detroit: Gale, 2011. //Global Issues In Context//. Web. 26 Oct. 2011.**


 * http://find.galegroup.com/gic/infomark.do?&contentSet=GREF&idigest=c01ac7e3c010a42f363bebdc7326f5c6&type=retrieve&tabID=&prodId=GIC&docId=CP3208520059&source=gale&userGroupName=pl7053&version=1.0 **

>>
 * //In 2000 HT has been globally identified and defined as://
 * // “…the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs…” //
 * // HT dates back to biblical times: //
 * // Wasn't seen as human trafficking until 1990s //
 * // Slavery existed under consent of a country, whereas most modern day countries make it illegal and consider it "human trafficking" //
 * // HT is beyond control of the most diligent authorities //
 * // People are trafficked for: //
 * // Sex //
 * // Labor //
 * // Organs //

**"Human Trafficking into the United States." //Global Issues in Context Online Collection//. Detroit: Gale. //Global Issues In Context//. Web. 26 Oct. 2011.** **http://find.galegroup.com/gic/infomark.do?&contentSet=GREF&idigest=c01ac7e3c010a42f363bebdc7326f5c6&type=retrieve&tabID=T0012&prodId=GIC&docId=CP3208575065&source=gale&userGroupName=pl7053&version=1.0**
 * Percent of victims trafficked in the U.S.
 * Prostitution: 46%
 * Domestic Servitude 27%
 * Agriculture: 10%
 * Factories: 5%
 * Other: 12%
 * 50% of victim trafficked in the U.S. are minors

** "Trafficking in people." //Toronto Star// [Toronto, Ontario] 15 Sept. 2010: A22. //Global Issues In Context//. Web. 26 Oct. 2011. **

** http://find.galegroup.com/gic/infomark.do?&contentSet=IAC-Documents&idigest=c01ac7e3c010a42f363bebdc7326f5c6&type=retrieve&tabID=T006&prodId=GIC&docId=CJ237107994&source=gale&userGroupName=pl7053&version=1.0 **
 * HT is a $40 Billion global enterprise
 * Second to drug trade
 * RCMP launched an investigation in 2010
 * Canada was found to be an easy and very venerable target for human trafficking
 * Canada is a branch plant of the enterprise
 * HT victims are shipped to large cities like Toronto then sex trade workers take them and delegate them to pimps and Canadian customers.
 * HT victims are shipped to large cities like Toronto then sex trade workers take them and delegate them to pimps and Canadian customers.

"SEX SLAVE HELL; TEENAGER'S FOUR MONTHS OF RAPE, ABUSE AND BEATINGS Britain has become a top target for sex slave gangs, officials in a former Soviet state said yesterday." //Daily Record// [Glasgow, Scotland] 8 Mar. 2007: 32.//Global Issues In Context//. Web. 26 Oct. 2011. http://find.galegroup.com/gic/infomark.do?&contentSet=IAC-Documents&idigest=c01ac7e3c010a42f363bebdc7326f5c6&type=retrieve&tabID=T004&prodId=GIC&docId=CJ160247575&source=gale&userGroupName=pl7053&version=1.0
 * Young women are called and promised good jobs
 * Once they reach their destination they are abducted:
 * All their identification is taken
 * All of their personal belongings are taken
 * They are then brought to a brothel
 * They must change into more revealing clothing
 * Men come in the brothel and pick out the girl that they want and have their way with them
 * the girls are beaten, raped, and threatened daily

"And They Said Slavery Was Long Dead And Buried [column]." //Africa News Service// 9 Nov. 2010. //Global Issues In Context//. Web. 31 Oct. 2011.

http://find.galegroup.com/gic/infomark.do?&contentSet=IAC-Documents&idigest=c01ac7e3c010a42f363bebdc7326f5c6&type=retrieve&tabID=T006&prodId=GIC&docId=A241684480&source=gale&userGroupName=pl7053&version=1.0


 * Some governments support HT
 * in sudan, government backed arab militia abducts citizens and sell them from $10-$100
 * Requirements of slaves in sudan:
 * Cook
 * Clean
 * Watch land and cattle
 * fulfill physical desires
 * 11,000 boys and girls were seized in raids:
 * Had to perform hard labor
 * were beaten
 * had to convert to Islam
 * Some victims suffered:
 * ritual gang rape
 * genital mutilation
 * sexual servitude
 * arranged marriage to captives
 * Many governments refuse to admit to human trafficking
 * This makes fighting against the issue near impossible

"Slavery – Not For Sale: End Human Trafficking and Slavery." //Not For Sale: End Human Trafficking and Slavery//. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Oct. 2011. .

http://www.notforsalecampaign.org/about/slavery/


 * There are more slaves now than at any other point in history
 * importing slaves changes from one poverty stricken country to another
 * 1970s: Traffickers mined South- Asian girls
 * 1980s: Traffickers mined African Girls
 * 1990s: Traffickers mined Latin- American Girls
 * Traffickers prey on venerable populations

http://www.humantrafficking.org/

"HumanTrafficking.org: A Web Resource for Combating Human Trafficking in the East Asia Pacific Region." //HumanTrafficking.org: A Web Resource for Combating Human Trafficking in the East Asia Pacific Region//. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Nov. 2011. .

http://www.unglobalcompact.org/docs/issues_doc/labour/Forced_labour/HUMAN_TRAFFICKING_-_THE_FACTS_-_final.pdf

"United Nations Global Compact."//United Nations Global Compact//. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Nov. 2011. .